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co culture systems  (MedChemExpress)


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    MedChemExpress co culture systems
    Co Culture Systems, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 61 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/co+culture+systems/GSK2837808A/pm41987314-125-1-10
    Average 95 stars, based on 61 article reviews
    co culture systems - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    95/100 stars

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    Expressing:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    In Vitro:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Transduction:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Staining:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Co-Culture Assay:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Standard Deviation:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Gene Expression:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Transfection:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).

    Quantitative RT-PCR:

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] AR TIC LE IN PR ES S supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO3 [32] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [33] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).. Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.Immunofluorescence staining The percentage of Arg-1–positive cells (%) was detected in TAMs by immunofluorescence staining.

    Article Title: PFKFB4 promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through aerobic glycolysis-mediated modification of histone H3K18 lactylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Article Snippet: The grouping was executed as below: (1) the M0 + Co (He-Blank) group and M0 + Co (Hu-Blank) group (M0 macrophages co-cultured with HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] in the Blank group for 72 h); (2) the M0 + Co (He-si-NC), M0 + Co (He-si-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-si-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-si-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with si-NC or si-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (3) the M0 + Co (He-oe-NC), M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 + Co (Hu-oe-NC), and M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages co-cultured with oe-NC or oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (4) the M0 (si-NC) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), M0 (si-NC) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and M0 (si-MCT1) + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages transfected with an interfering plasmid for MTC-1 [si-MCT1] and si-NC, and then co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] for 72 h); (5) the Vehicle + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), Vehicle + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and NaHCO 3 + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (the co-culture system of M0 macrophages and oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7 cells] supplemented with 5 mM NaHCO 3 [ ] and solvent [distilled water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7].water], respectively, to neutralise lactate produced by glycolysis of HCC cells, and then cultured for 72 h); and (6) the DMSO + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (He-oe-PFKFB4), DMSO + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4), and GSK2837808A + M0 + Co (Hu-oe-PFKFB4) groups (M0 macrophages were co-cultured with oe-PFKFB4-transfected HCC cells [Hep3B and Huh-7]. ... The co-culture systems were treated with 75 μM GSK2837808A [HY-100681, MCE] [ ] or dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] for 72 h).



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    co culture systems  (Exosome Diagnostics)
    86
    Exosome Diagnostics co culture systems
    In vitro analysis of activated MCs’ direct inhibitory/cytotoxic effects on mouse intestinal organoids, and reversal by Wnt agonists. ( A – I ) Activated BMMCs’ effects on organoids (BMMC− group: organoid cocultured without active BMMC; BMMC+ group: organoid cocultured with active BMMC) ( A <t>)</t> <t>Co-culture</t> schematic: Activated BMMCs and organoids were co-cultured to assess direct interactions. ( B and C ) Organoid growth: ( B ) Bright-field images; ( C ) quantification of organoid size, bud number, and density. ( D–G ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( D ) ISC markers, ( E ) stemness genes, ( F ) apoptosis genes, ( G ) Wnt pathway genes. ( H and I ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( H ) and active β-catenin ( I ). (n = 6–10 organoids/group). ( J–Q ) Wnt agonists reverse activated BMMC-induced inhibition (Vehicle group: organoid with DMSO and Substance P; BMMC+DMSO group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with DMSO; BMMC+HLY78 group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with Wnt agonist HLY78), ( J and K ) Organoid growth recovery: ( J ) Bright-field images; ( K ) quantification of size, bud number, density. ( L–O ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( L ) ISC markers, ( M ) stemness genes, ( N ) Wnt pathway genes, ( O ) apoptosis genes. ( P and Q ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( P ) and active β-catenin ( Q ). (n = 4–6 organoids/group). Statistical significance: ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001.
    Co Culture Systems, supplied by Exosome Diagnostics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    transwell co culture system  (Nest Biotechnology)
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    Nest Biotechnology transwell co culture system
    In vitro analysis of activated MCs’ direct inhibitory/cytotoxic effects on mouse intestinal organoids, and reversal by Wnt agonists. ( A – I ) Activated BMMCs’ effects on organoids (BMMC− group: organoid cocultured without active BMMC; BMMC+ group: organoid cocultured with active BMMC) ( A <t>)</t> <t>Co-culture</t> schematic: Activated BMMCs and organoids were co-cultured to assess direct interactions. ( B and C ) Organoid growth: ( B ) Bright-field images; ( C ) quantification of organoid size, bud number, and density. ( D–G ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( D ) ISC markers, ( E ) stemness genes, ( F ) apoptosis genes, ( G ) Wnt pathway genes. ( H and I ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( H ) and active β-catenin ( I ). (n = 6–10 organoids/group). ( J–Q ) Wnt agonists reverse activated BMMC-induced inhibition (Vehicle group: organoid with DMSO and Substance P; BMMC+DMSO group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with DMSO; BMMC+HLY78 group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with Wnt agonist HLY78), ( J and K ) Organoid growth recovery: ( J ) Bright-field images; ( K ) quantification of size, bud number, density. ( L–O ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( L ) ISC markers, ( M ) stemness genes, ( N ) Wnt pathway genes, ( O ) apoptosis genes. ( P and Q ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( P ) and active β-catenin ( Q ). (n = 4–6 organoids/group). Statistical significance: ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001.
    Transwell Co Culture System, supplied by Nest Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    co culture system 3d  (3-D Matrix)
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    3-D Matrix co culture system 3d
    In vitro analysis of activated MCs’ direct inhibitory/cytotoxic effects on mouse intestinal organoids, and reversal by Wnt agonists. ( A – I ) Activated BMMCs’ effects on organoids (BMMC− group: organoid cocultured without active BMMC; BMMC+ group: organoid cocultured with active BMMC) ( A <t>)</t> <t>Co-culture</t> schematic: Activated BMMCs and organoids were co-cultured to assess direct interactions. ( B and C ) Organoid growth: ( B ) Bright-field images; ( C ) quantification of organoid size, bud number, and density. ( D–G ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( D ) ISC markers, ( E ) stemness genes, ( F ) apoptosis genes, ( G ) Wnt pathway genes. ( H and I ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( H ) and active β-catenin ( I ). (n = 6–10 organoids/group). ( J–Q ) Wnt agonists reverse activated BMMC-induced inhibition (Vehicle group: organoid with DMSO and Substance P; BMMC+DMSO group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with DMSO; BMMC+HLY78 group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with Wnt agonist HLY78), ( J and K ) Organoid growth recovery: ( J ) Bright-field images; ( K ) quantification of size, bud number, density. ( L–O ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( L ) ISC markers, ( M ) stemness genes, ( N ) Wnt pathway genes, ( O ) apoptosis genes. ( P and Q ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( P ) and active β-catenin ( Q ). (n = 4–6 organoids/group). Statistical significance: ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001.
    Co Culture System 3d, supplied by 3-D Matrix, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    adipocyte macrophage co culture system  (ATCC)
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    ATCC adipocyte macrophage co culture system
    In vitro analysis of activated MCs’ direct inhibitory/cytotoxic effects on mouse intestinal organoids, and reversal by Wnt agonists. ( A – I ) Activated BMMCs’ effects on organoids (BMMC− group: organoid cocultured without active BMMC; BMMC+ group: organoid cocultured with active BMMC) ( A <t>)</t> <t>Co-culture</t> schematic: Activated BMMCs and organoids were co-cultured to assess direct interactions. ( B and C ) Organoid growth: ( B ) Bright-field images; ( C ) quantification of organoid size, bud number, and density. ( D–G ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( D ) ISC markers, ( E ) stemness genes, ( F ) apoptosis genes, ( G ) Wnt pathway genes. ( H and I ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( H ) and active β-catenin ( I ). (n = 6–10 organoids/group). ( J–Q ) Wnt agonists reverse activated BMMC-induced inhibition (Vehicle group: organoid with DMSO and Substance P; BMMC+DMSO group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with DMSO; BMMC+HLY78 group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with Wnt agonist HLY78), ( J and K ) Organoid growth recovery: ( J ) Bright-field images; ( K ) quantification of size, bud number, density. ( L–O ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( L ) ISC markers, ( M ) stemness genes, ( N ) Wnt pathway genes, ( O ) apoptosis genes. ( P and Q ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( P ) and active β-catenin ( Q ). (n = 4–6 organoids/group). Statistical significance: ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001.
    Adipocyte Macrophage Co Culture System, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/co+culture+systems/RAW+264%2E7/10__1172_slash_jci__insight__173423-260-5-11
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    co culture system calcein am fluorescent probe  (Beyotime)
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    Beyotime co culture system calcein am fluorescent probe
    In vitro analysis of activated MCs’ direct inhibitory/cytotoxic effects on mouse intestinal organoids, and reversal by Wnt agonists. ( A – I ) Activated BMMCs’ effects on organoids (BMMC− group: organoid cocultured without active BMMC; BMMC+ group: organoid cocultured with active BMMC) ( A <t>)</t> <t>Co-culture</t> schematic: Activated BMMCs and organoids were co-cultured to assess direct interactions. ( B and C ) Organoid growth: ( B ) Bright-field images; ( C ) quantification of organoid size, bud number, and density. ( D–G ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( D ) ISC markers, ( E ) stemness genes, ( F ) apoptosis genes, ( G ) Wnt pathway genes. ( H and I ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( H ) and active β-catenin ( I ). (n = 6–10 organoids/group). ( J–Q ) Wnt agonists reverse activated BMMC-induced inhibition (Vehicle group: organoid with DMSO and Substance P; BMMC+DMSO group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with DMSO; BMMC+HLY78 group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with Wnt agonist HLY78), ( J and K ) Organoid growth recovery: ( J ) Bright-field images; ( K ) quantification of size, bud number, density. ( L–O ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( L ) ISC markers, ( M ) stemness genes, ( N ) Wnt pathway genes, ( O ) apoptosis genes. ( P and Q ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( P ) and active β-catenin ( Q ). (n = 4–6 organoids/group). Statistical significance: ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001.
    Co Culture System Calcein Am Fluorescent Probe, supplied by Beyotime, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Image Search Results


    In vitro analysis of activated MCs’ direct inhibitory/cytotoxic effects on mouse intestinal organoids, and reversal by Wnt agonists. ( A – I ) Activated BMMCs’ effects on organoids (BMMC− group: organoid cocultured without active BMMC; BMMC+ group: organoid cocultured with active BMMC) ( A ) Co-culture schematic: Activated BMMCs and organoids were co-cultured to assess direct interactions. ( B and C ) Organoid growth: ( B ) Bright-field images; ( C ) quantification of organoid size, bud number, and density. ( D–G ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( D ) ISC markers, ( E ) stemness genes, ( F ) apoptosis genes, ( G ) Wnt pathway genes. ( H and I ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( H ) and active β-catenin ( I ). (n = 6–10 organoids/group). ( J–Q ) Wnt agonists reverse activated BMMC-induced inhibition (Vehicle group: organoid with DMSO and Substance P; BMMC+DMSO group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with DMSO; BMMC+HLY78 group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with Wnt agonist HLY78), ( J and K ) Organoid growth recovery: ( J ) Bright-field images; ( K ) quantification of size, bud number, density. ( L–O ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( L ) ISC markers, ( M ) stemness genes, ( N ) Wnt pathway genes, ( O ) apoptosis genes. ( P and Q ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( P ) and active β-catenin ( Q ). (n = 4–6 organoids/group). Statistical significance: ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001.

    Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

    Article Title: Mast Cells Inhibit Stem Cell-driven Epithelial Repair in Inflammatory Bowel Disease via Suppressing Wnt/lrp6/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

    doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2026.101741

    Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro analysis of activated MCs’ direct inhibitory/cytotoxic effects on mouse intestinal organoids, and reversal by Wnt agonists. ( A – I ) Activated BMMCs’ effects on organoids (BMMC− group: organoid cocultured without active BMMC; BMMC+ group: organoid cocultured with active BMMC) ( A ) Co-culture schematic: Activated BMMCs and organoids were co-cultured to assess direct interactions. ( B and C ) Organoid growth: ( B ) Bright-field images; ( C ) quantification of organoid size, bud number, and density. ( D–G ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( D ) ISC markers, ( E ) stemness genes, ( F ) apoptosis genes, ( G ) Wnt pathway genes. ( H and I ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( H ) and active β-catenin ( I ). (n = 6–10 organoids/group). ( J–Q ) Wnt agonists reverse activated BMMC-induced inhibition (Vehicle group: organoid with DMSO and Substance P; BMMC+DMSO group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with DMSO; BMMC+HLY78 group: organoid cocultured with activated BMMC and treated with Wnt agonist HLY78), ( J and K ) Organoid growth recovery: ( J ) Bright-field images; ( K ) quantification of size, bud number, density. ( L–O ) qRT-PCR analysis: ( L ) ISC markers, ( M ) stemness genes, ( N ) Wnt pathway genes, ( O ) apoptosis genes. ( P and Q ) Representative images showing IF staining: Staining for total β-catenin ( P ) and active β-catenin ( Q ). (n = 4–6 organoids/group). Statistical significance: ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; ∗∗∗∗ P < .0001.

    Article Snippet: To further examine whether MCs suppress ISC-mediated epithelial regeneration via CPA3, a CPA inhibitor (10 μM, MCE, HY-70005) was introduced into the co-culture system of activated BMMCs and organoids.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Co-Culture Assay, Cell Culture, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Inhibition